Apple says that Bluetooth and Wi-Fi aren’t fully disabled when turned off in the iOS 11Control Center.
The company says that when you toggle the Wi-Fi or Bluetooth buttons in Control Center, your device will immediately disconnect from Wi-Fi and Bluetooth accessories. Both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth will continue to be available, so you can use AirDrop, AirPlay, the Apple Pencil, the Apple Watch, Continuity features (such as Handoff and Instant Hotspot), and Locations services.